Exploring Biosocial Barriers and Enablers to Weight Loss: A Qualitative Study of a 12-Week Workplace Program for Overweight and Obese Office Workers

Abstract

Introduction: Although workplace weight management programs (WMPs) are increasingly implemented to address obesity, maintaining long-term behavior change remains a key challenge. This study explores the biosocial barriers and enablers influencing the perceptions, motivations, and experiences of overweight and obese Malaysian office workers in a 12-week WMP. Methods: Three focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 28 overweight and obese office workers (mixed gender). All data were analysed thematically using NVivo software. Results: Seven themes emerged: (1) Psychological motivation to join WMP, (2) Anticipated social benefits, (3) Biosocial challenges in practice, (4) Subjective failure, (5) Enablers of positive change, (6) Role of support networks in sustaining change, and (7) Planned long-term lifestyle change. Participants were motivated by health concerns, self-improvement goals, and support from peers and family. Key enablers included structured guidance during the program, increased nutritional awareness, and positive social influence. However, participants reported persistent biosocial barriers, including sedentary work routines, social pressures around food, irregular eating habits, and stress-induced eating. Sustained behavior change was more likely when individuals developed consistent routines and intrinsic motivation. Conclusion: Addressing both individual and environmental barriers, while enhancing enablers, can improve long-term adherence and outcomes. These insights can guide the development of more tailored, sustainable WMPs within organizational health promotion efforts.

Keywords: Health education, diet therapy, exercise therapy, weight loss, occupational health, workplace