Laween Hashim Dawoud
1 
, Ahmed A. Mosa
1* , Yousif Hameed Ramadhan
1 , Rojeen Chalabi Khalid
1 , Nawfal R Hussein
2 , Ameen M. Mohammad
3 3 Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region of Iraq
1 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Zakho, Kurdistan Region of Iraq
2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Zakho, Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major public health issue. The global incidence of CRC is increasing, with the highest incidence rates observed in developed countries. An effective screening program enhances early detection, reducing morbidity and mortality. Although many countries have implemented national CRC screening (CRCS) programs, nations with limited resources, such as Iraq, encounter considerable barriers and obstacles in establishing such initiatives. This paper discusses the barriers to implementing a national CRCS program in resource-constrained nations, drawing insights from the experiences of countries neighboring Iraq, and providing practical recommendations for improving diagnoses and outcomes. Key obstacles in establishing the CRCS program in resource-constrained nations are categorized into population and health system impediments. Such nations should prioritize establishing a pilot screening program as a preliminary step, with the ultimate goal of developing a nationwide program. International support, global research initiatives, and collaboration among regional health authorities are essential to address these challenges.